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What is the purpose of hashing in algorithms? a. Sorting data b. Searching data efficiently c. Compressing data d. Generating keys for encryption
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The correct answer is b. Searching data efficiently.Hashing is a technique used in algorithms to map large data sets to smaller, fixed-size values called hash codes or hash values. The primary purpose of hashing in algorithms is to enable efficient searching and retrieval of data.When data is stored in a hash table, each data item is associated with a unique hash code generated using a hash function. The hash function takes the input data and produces a fixed-size output that serves as an index in the hash table. This index allows for quick access to the stored data.Hashing provides several benefits for searching data efficiently:1. Constant-time complexity: Hashing allows for constant-time O(1) lookups, insertions, and deletions, which is much faster than linear or quadratic time complexity required for searching in unsorted or poorly organized data structures.2. Direct access: Hashing enables direct access to the stored data without the need for sequential searching, which significantly reduces the time required to find specific data items.3. Collision handling: Hashing algorithms use techniques like chaining or open addressing to handle collisions, where different data items produce the same hash code. This ensures that the hash table remains efficient even when dealing with a large number of data items.While hashing can be used in conjunction with other techniques for sorting, compressing, or generating encryption keys, its primary purpose in algorithms is to facilitate efficient searching and retrieval of data.