1. What is the main distinction between ionic and covalent bonding? 2. How is electronegativity used in determining the ionic or covalent character of the bonding between two elements? 3. What type of bonding would be expected be- tween the following atoms? a. Li and F b. Cu and S c. I and F 4. List the three pairs of atoms referred to in the previous question in order of increasing ionic character of the bonding between them.

Question

1. What is the main distinction between ionic and covalent bonding? 2. How is electronegativity used in determining the ionic or covalent character of the bonding between two elements? 3. What type of bonding would be expected be- tween the following atoms? a. Li and F b. Cu and S c. I and F 4. List the three pairs of atoms referred to in the previous question in order of increasing ionic character of the bonding between them.

Answer 1

1. The main distinction between ionic and covalent bonding is the way in which electrons are shared between atoms. In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions with opposite charges. In covalent bonding, electrons are shared between atoms, and the resulting bond is formed by the mutual attraction of the shared electrons to the nuclei of the atoms.2. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond. When two elements form a bond, the element with the higher electronegativity will pull the shared electrons closer to itself, resulting in a polar covalent bond. If the difference in electronegativity between the two elements is large, the bond may be considered ionic. In general, if the difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5, the bond is nonpolar covalent, if it is between 0.5 and 1.7, the bond is polar covalent, and if it is greater than 1.7, the bond is ionic.3. a. Li and F would be expected to form an ionic bond, as lithium is a metal and fluorine is a nonmetal, and the difference in electronegativity between the two elements is large.b. Cu and S would be expected to form a covalent bond, as copper is a metal and sulfur is a nonmetal, and the difference in electronegativity between the two elements is relatively small.c. I and F would be expected to form a polar covalent bond, as iodine and fluorine are both nonmetals, and the difference in electronegativity between the two elements is moderate.4. The three pairs of atoms in order of increasing ionic character of the bonding between them would be:a. Cu and Sb. I and Fc. Li and F

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