41. If the consequence of behaviour is negative and the frequency of that behaviour decreases, the behaviour has been: a) shaped b) punished c) positively reinforced d) negatively reinforced 42. What type of learning was demonstrated when a child punched a doll after seeing an adult do the same? a) Insight learning b) Operant conditioning c) Classical conditioning d) Observational learning 43. Attitudes describe our __ of people, objects and ideas: a) treatment b) cognitions c) knowledge d) evaluations 44. Which of the following statements does not represent the affective component of an attitude? a) 1 am scared of spiders b) I feel fulfilled when I take care of my patients c) I am going to pick up litter in my neighbourhood d) 1 enjoy making a difference in recycling products 45. IfJ. was experiencing a sense of cognitive dissonance between her attitude and behaviour, which of the following actions would help her reduce that uncomfortable sensation? a) Change her behaviour b) Maintain her existing attitude c) Think constantly about the mismatch d) Discuss the inconsistency with others