a) Highlight one main characteristic ofAgnatha b)Identify two orders of class Agnatha naming a member of each order. Highlight four differences between chondrichthyes and osteichthyes v Briofly explain the respiratory system of amphibians Enumerate four physical contrasts between aquatic and land habitats Differentiate between the orders Insectivora andRodentia Outline two types of chicks hatched by birds Identify and highlight major characteristics of two subclasses of mammals Briefly explain four classes of mammalian integumentary glands

Question

a) Highlight one main characteristic ofAgnatha b)Identify two orders of class Agnatha naming a member of each order. Highlight four differences between chondrichthyes and osteichthyes v Briofly explain the respiratory system of amphibians Enumerate four physical contrasts between aquatic and land habitats Differentiate between the orders Insectivora andRodentia Outline two types of chicks hatched by birds Identify and highlight major characteristics of two subclasses of mammals Briefly explain four classes of mammalian integumentary glands

Answer 1

a) One main characteristic of Agnatha is that they lack jaws.b) Two orders of class Agnatha are:- Myxini (e.g., Hagfish)- Cephalaspidomorphi (e.g., Lampreys)c) Four differences between chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and osteichthyes (bony fish) are:1. Skeletal structure: Chondrichthyes have skeletons made of cartilage, while osteichthyes have skeletons made of bone.2. Swim bladder: Osteichthyes typically have a swim bladder for buoyancy control, while chondrichthyes do not.3. Scales: Osteichthyes have ganoid, cycloid, or ctenoid scales, while chondrichthyes have placoid scales.4. Fins: Osteichthyes have paired pectoral and pelvic fins, while chondrichthyes have unpaired dorsal, pectoral, and pelvic fins.d) The respiratory system of amphibians includes lungs, skin, and gills. They can respire through their skin (cutaneous respiration), lungs, and gills depending on the stage of their life cycle.e) Four physical contrasts between aquatic and land habitats are:1. Water availability: Aquatic habitats have abundant water, while land habitats have limited water.2. Oxygen availability: Aquatic habitats have higher oxygen levels, while land habitats have lower oxygen levels.3. Temperature regulation: Aquatic habitats have stable temperatures, while land habitats have fluctuating temperatures.4. Mobility: Aquatic habitats have limited mobility, while land habitats have greater mobility.f) The orders Insectivora and Rodentia differ in:- Insectivora: Includes animals that primarily eat insects, such as shrews and moles.- Rodentia: Includes animals that gnaw on materials, such as rats, mice, and squirrels.g) Two types of chicks hatched by birds are precocial chicks, which are born fully developed and can move around immediately, and altricial chicks, which are born helpless and require care from parents.h) Two subclasses of mammals are:- Theria: Includes mammals that give birth to live young and produce milk, such as mammals.- Prototheria: Includes mammals that lay eggs, such as monotremes.i) Four classes of mammalian integumentary glands are:1. Sweat glands: Produce sweat for thermoregulation and excretion.2. Sebaceous glands: Produce sebum to lubricate and protect the skin.3. Apocrine glands: Produce a viscous secretion that contributes to body odor.4. Ceruminous glands: Produce earwax for protection and lubrication of the ear canal.

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