11.What distinguishes urbanization economies? distinguishes industry growth in an area B. General growth of a concentrated geographic region C. Negative effects of congestion D. Rural economic benefits E. Lack of formal employment opportunities 12.High income inequality tends to result in all EXCEPT: A. Lower average savings rates B. Increased economic inefficiency C. Greater economic growth D. Higher capital flight E. Inequitable access to education 13.What does the Lorenz Curve represent? B. The variance of income distribution from perfect equality A. The percentage of government revenue from taxes D. The amount of labor productivity E . The effect of foreign aid on GD] C. The relationship between exports and imports 14.Why promote the urban informal sector? A. It requires high capital investments B. It increases rural unemployment C. It supports the urban elite D. It provides job opportunities for unskilled workers E.It reduces urban wag 15.How can population growth be controlled? A. Increased urban migration B. Expansion of rural family planning and health services C. Restriction on rural economic opportunities D. Increased industrial subsidies E. Elimination of formal educatior 16.What is the Harris-Todaro model? A. A theory of agricultural productivity B. A refinement of the Todaro model addressing equilibrium incomes C. A model focusing on rural wages exclusively D. Migration theory based on non -economic factors E. Urban wage distortion theory 17.Which indicator contributes to education measurement in MPI? A. Completion of five years of schooling B. Availability of public schools C. Literacy rate among adults D. Number of teachers per student E. Ratio of students in private education 18.What motivates broad public participation in economic development? A. Widening income disparities B. Rising unemployment rates C. Reduction of mass poverty D. High public debt levels E. Strict immigration policies 19.What is the primary focus of the structural-change model? A. Dependency on foreign aid B. Transformation from agriculture to industry C. Reducing population growth D. Expansion of financial markets E. Technological innovation 20.Development economists use the concept of .... ..............to represent a specific minimum level of i __ needed to satisfy the basic physical needs of food, clothing, and shelter to ensure continued survival. a.Inequality b. Absolute poverty C.Equality d.Social exclusion e.Wealty Bonus Question:Write down only the ten important indicators of MPI (15 points)

Question

11.What distinguishes urbanization economies? distinguishes industry growth in an area B. General growth of a concentrated geographic region C. Negative effects of congestion D. Rural economic benefits E. Lack of formal employment opportunities 12.High income inequality tends to result in all EXCEPT: A. Lower average savings rates B. Increased economic inefficiency C. Greater economic growth D. Higher capital flight E. Inequitable access to education 13.What does the Lorenz Curve represent? B. The variance of income distribution from perfect equality A. The percentage of government revenue from taxes D. The amount of labor productivity E . The effect of foreign aid on GD] C. The relationship between exports and imports 14.Why promote the urban informal sector? A. It requires high capital investments B. It increases rural unemployment C. It supports the urban elite D. It provides job opportunities for unskilled workers E.It reduces urban wag 15.How can population growth be controlled? A. Increased urban migration B. Expansion of rural family planning and health services C. Restriction on rural economic opportunities D. Increased industrial subsidies E. Elimination of formal educatior 16.What is the Harris-Todaro model? A. A theory of agricultural productivity B. A refinement of the Todaro model addressing equilibrium incomes C. A model focusing on rural wages exclusively D. Migration theory based on non -economic factors E. Urban wage distortion theory 17.Which indicator contributes to education measurement in MPI? A. Completion of five years of schooling B. Availability of public schools C. Literacy rate among adults D. Number of teachers per student E. Ratio of students in private education 18.What motivates broad public participation in economic development? A. Widening income disparities B. Rising unemployment rates C. Reduction of mass poverty D. High public debt levels E. Strict immigration policies 19.What is the primary focus of the structural-change model? A. Dependency on foreign aid B. Transformation from agriculture to industry C. Reducing population growth D. Expansion of financial markets E. Technological innovation 20.Development economists use the concept of .... ..............to represent a specific minimum level of i __ needed to satisfy the basic physical needs of food, clothing, and shelter to ensure continued survival. a.Inequality b. Absolute poverty C.Equality d.Social exclusion e.Wealty Bonus Question:Write down only the ten important indicators of MPI (15 points)

Answer 1

11. **Correct Answer: A. Benefits from specific industry growth in an area** - Explanation: Urbanization economies are characterized by the benefits derived from the growth of specific industries within a concentrated geographic region.12. **Correct Answer: C. Greater economic growth** - Explanation: High income inequality does not typically result in greater economic growth. It often leads to lower average savings rates, increased economic inefficiency, higher capital flight, and inequitable access to education.13. **Correct Answer: B. The variance of income distribution from perfect equality** - Explanation: The Lorenz Curve represents the variance of income distribution from perfect equality, illustrating the degree of inequality in income distribution.14. **Correct Answer: D. It provides job opportunities for unskilled workers** - Explanation: The urban informal sector is promoted because it provides job opportunities for unskilled workers, contributing to employment generation in urban areas.15. **Correct Answer: B. Expansion of rural family planning and health services** - Explanation: Population growth can be controlled through the expansion of rural family planning and health services, which promote family planning and reproductive health education.16. **Correct Answer: B. A refinement of the Todaro model addressing equilibrium incomes** - Explanation: The Harris-Todaro model is a refinement of the Todaro model, addressing equilibrium incomes and migration decisions based on expected earnings.17. **Correct Answer: A. Completion of five years of schooling** - Explanation: In the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), the completion of five years of schooling is an indicator used to measure education.18. **Correct Answer: C. Reduction of mass poverty** - Explanation: Broad public participation in economic development is motivated by the reduction of mass poverty, as it leads to improved living standards and economic empowerment.19. **Correct Answer: B. Transformation from agriculture to industry** - Explanation: The primary focus of the structural-change model is the transformation from agriculture to industry, aiming for economic diversification and industrialization.20. **Correct Answer: b. Absolute poverty** - Explanation: Development economists use the concept of absolute poverty to represent a specific minimum level of income needed to satisfy the basic physical needs of food, clothing, and shelter to ensure continued survival.Bonus Question: The ten important indicators of MPI are: - Health (child mortality rate, nutrition) - Education (years of schooling, school attendance) - Standard of living (electricity, improved sanitation, access to clean water) - Information and communication (radio, television, internet access) - Employment (employment rate, own-account workers) - Environment (agricultural land, access to drinking water) - Personal safety (political stability/voice, absence of corruption) - Social inclusion (gender equality, participation in decision-making) - Human rights (freedom of expression, political participation) - Political stability and absence of violence (conflict, political instability)

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