In the mountains of Brazil, Barbacenia tomentosa and Barbacenia macrantha-two plants in the Velloziaceae family -establish themselves on soilless nutrient-poor patches of quartzite rock. Plant ecologists Anna Abrahão and Patricia de Britto Costa used microscopic analysis to determine that the roots of B tomentosa and B. macrantha which grow directly into the quartzite, have clusters of fine hairs near the root tip; further analysis indicated that these hairs secrete both malic and citric acids. The researchers hypothesize that the plants depend on dissolving underlying rock with these acids,as the process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus. 12 Mark for Review Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' hypothesis? A Other species in the Velloziaceae family are found in terrains with more soil but have root structures similar to those of B.tomentosa and B. macrantha, B Though B. tomentosa and B. macrantha both secrete citric and malic acids each species produces the acids in different proportions. C The roots of B.tomentosa and B. macrantha carve new entry points into rocks even when cracks in the surface are readily available. D B. tomentosa and B.macrantha thrive even when transferred to the surfaces of rocks that do not contain phosphates.

Question

In the mountains of Brazil, Barbacenia tomentosa and Barbacenia macrantha-two plants in the Velloziaceae family -establish themselves on soilless nutrient-poor patches of quartzite rock. Plant ecologists Anna Abrahão and Patricia de Britto Costa used microscopic analysis to determine that the roots of B tomentosa and B. macrantha which grow directly into the quartzite, have clusters of fine hairs near the root tip; further analysis indicated that these hairs secrete both malic and citric acids. The researchers hypothesize that the plants depend on dissolving underlying rock with these acids,as the process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus. 12 Mark for Review Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' hypothesis? A Other species in the Velloziaceae family are found in terrains with more soil but have root structures similar to those of B.tomentosa and B. macrantha, B Though B. tomentosa and B. macrantha both secrete citric and malic acids each species produces the acids in different proportions. C The roots of B.tomentosa and B. macrantha carve new entry points into rocks even when cracks in the surface are readily available. D B. tomentosa and B.macrantha thrive even when transferred to the surfaces of rocks that do not contain phosphates.

Answer 1

## Step 1The problem presents a hypothesis that the plants Barbacenia tomentosa and Barbacenia macrantha depend on dissolving the underlying rock with the acids they secrete. This process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus.## Step 2The question asks us to identify which finding would most directly support this hypothesis. To do this, we need to look for an option that provides evidence that the plants' ability to dissolve rock and release phosphates is the reason for their growth.## Step 3Option A talks about other species in the same family having similar root structures, but this doesn't provide evidence for the hypothesis.## Step 4Option B discusses the different proportions of acids produced by each species, but this also doesn't provide evidence for the hypothesis.## Step 5Option C talks about the roots of the plants carving new entry points into rocks, even when cracks are readily available. This doesn't provide evidence for the hypothesis because it doesn't show that the acids are necessary for this process.## Step 6Option D, however, states that the plants thrive even when transferred to the surfaces of rocks that do not contain phosphates. This directly supports the hypothesis because it shows that the plants can grow without the need for phosphates, which are released by the dissolution of rock.

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