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QUESTION FOUR (15 MARKS) (a) Discuss five types of Governments Kenya has had since independence and their characteristics (10 marks) (b) Media plays a critical role in checks and balances in any state. Discuss the functions of media in a democratic state giving examples in Kenya (5 marks)
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(a) Kenya has had five types of governments since independence:1. Colonial Government (1895-1963): This was the British colonial rule over Kenya. The government was characterized by the imposition of British laws, policies, and administration, with little to no input from the local population.2. One-Party State (1963-1966): After gaining independence in 1963, Kenya was initially governed by a one-party state under the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party. The government was characterized by a lack of political pluralism, with KANU dominating the political landscape and suppressing opposition.3. Multi-Party State (1966-1982): In 1966, Kenya transitioned to a multi-party state, allowing for the formation of multiple political parties. This period was characterized by political instability, with frequent changes in government and a lack of effective governance.4. Single-Party State (1982-1992): In 1982, the government suspended the constitution and banned political parties, effectively establishing a single-party state under the Kenya African National Union (KANU). The government was characterized by authoritarian rule, with limited political freedoms and human rights abuses.5. Democratic Government (1992-present): In 1992, Kenya transitioned to a democratic government following the adoption of a new constitution. The government is characterized by political pluralism, with multiple political parties participating in elections and holding political office. There is also an emphasis on the rule of law, human rights, and democratic principles.(b) The media plays a critical role in checks and balances in a democratic state. In Kenya, the media serves several functions:1. Watchdog Role: The media acts as a watchdog, holding the government accountable for its actions. For example, investigative journalism has exposed corruption and abuse of power within the government.2. Informing the Public: The media provides citizens with accurate and timely information about government policies, actions, and events. This enables citizens to make informed decisions and participate in the democratic process.3. Facilitating Public Debate: The media provides a platform for public debate and discussion on important issues. This helps to foster a vibrant civil society and encourages diverse viewpoints.4. Promoting Transparency and Accountability: The media plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability within the government. By investigating and reporting on government activities, the media helps to ensure that those in power are held accountable for their actions.Examples of the media's role in Kenya include the work of investigative journalists who have exposed corruption in government, the role of independent newspapers and magazines in providing alternative viewpoints, and the work of radio stations in disseminating information to remote areas.