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QUESTION SIX (15 MARKS). (a) Discuss the theories of state formation showing how important it has been in guarding the rights of its citizens (10 marks) (b) Highlight the major outlines of chapter six of Kenya's constitution on integrity of public officer's (5 marks)
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(a) Theories of state formation:There are several theories of state formation that explain how states have emerged and evolved over time. Some of the key theories include:1. The Divine Right Theory: This theory posits that states were formed by divine will or intervention. According to this theory, the state is a divine creation, and its authority is derived from a higher power.2. The Social Contract Theory: This theory suggests that states were formed through a voluntary agreement or contract among individuals. According to this theory, individuals willingly give up some of their freedoms in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by the state.3. The Force Theory: This theory argues that states were formed through force or coercion. According to this theory, one group or individual uses force to establish control over others and create a state.4. The Evolutionary Theory: This theory suggests that states evolved naturally from earlier forms of social organization, such as tribes or clans. According to this theory, states gradually developed as these social units grew larger and more complex.These theories of state formation have been important in understanding how states have emerged and how they have played a role in guarding the rights of their citizens. By examining these theories, we can gain insights into the various factors that have influenced the formation of states and the role they have played in protecting the rights and interests of their citizens.(b) Major outlines of Chapter Six of Kenya's Constitution on Integrity of Public Officers:Chapter Six of Kenya's Constitution focuses on the integrity of public officers. It outlines the ethical standards and responsibilities that public officers must uphold in order to maintain the integrity of the public service. Some of the major outlines of this chapter include:1. Preamble: The chapter begins with a preamble that emphasizes the importance of integrity in public service and the need to uphold the highest standards of ethics and conduct.2. Code of Conduct: The chapter sets out a code of conduct that public officers must adhere to. This code includes principles such as honesty, accountability, transparency, and impartiality.3. Conflict of Interest: The chapter addresses the issue of conflict of interest and provides guidelines on how public officers should handle situations where there may be a conflict of interest.4. Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities: The chapter requires public officers to disclose their assets and liabilities, both personal and financial, to ensure transparency and accountability.5. Sanctions for Breach of Ethics: The chapter outlines the sanctions that may be imposed on public officers who violate the code of conduct or engage in unethical behavior.These provisions in Chapter Six of Kenya's Constitution aim to promote integrity and ethical conduct among public officers, ensuring that they serve the public interest with the highest standards of professionalism and integrity.