Answer all questions in this 6000011. 1.The body of animals is constantly being invaded by pathogenic microorganisms.which enter the body through the mouth, nose and wounds. (a) Explain the mechanisms that prevents entry of micro-organisms into the body through: (1 mark) (1 mark) mark) (III) Respiratory track through the nose. (2 marks) (b) Explain how the body defends against diseases once these micro-organisms have entered the body tissues. (3 marks) . ... ....-feel? .. 1. .-.......subject impossible rease .................. is I ......-........ ...ree -Its .reasons japoo ....room ..... -It's .it bes ....seaso .....-.......is are -.... . .....-I at .14. is ..... .........seas .sterms ......-...rase . .

Question

Answer all questions in this 6000011. 1.The body of animals is constantly being invaded by pathogenic microorganisms.which enter the body through the mouth, nose and wounds. (a) Explain the mechanisms that prevents entry of micro-organisms into the body through: (1 mark) (1 mark) mark) (III) Respiratory track through the nose. (2 marks) (b) Explain how the body defends against diseases once these micro-organisms have entered the body tissues. (3 marks) . ... ....-feel? .. 1. .-.......subject impossible rease .................. is I ......-........ ...ree -Its .reasons japoo ....room ..... -It's .it bes ....seaso .....-.......is are -.... . .....-I at .14. is ..... .........seas .sterms ......-...rase . .

Answer 1

(a) Mechanisms that prevent entry of microorganisms into the body:(1) Skin: The skin acts as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of microorganisms. It has an acidic pH, which inhibits the growth of many bacteria. The skin also produces antimicrobial peptides and enzymes like lysozyme that can destroy bacteria.(2) Mucous membranes: Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and other entry points produce mucus, which traps microorganisms. The mucus is then either swallowed or expelled from the body. Additionally, the mucous membranes have immune cells that can recognize and destroy pathogens.(III) Respiratory tract through the nose: The nasal cavity has a mucous lining that traps microorganisms. The mucus is then moved by ciliary action towards the throat, where it can be swallowed or expelled. The nasal cavity also has immune cells that can recognize and destroy pathogens.(b) Defense mechanisms against diseases once microorganisms have entered the body tissues:1. Inflammatory response: When microorganisms enter the body, the immune system responds by initiating an inflammatory response. This involves the release of cytokines, which attract immune cells to the site of infection. The immune cells then destroy the invading microorganisms.2. Adaptive immune response: The immune system has specialized cells called lymphocytes that can recognize specific microorganisms. These lymphocytes can differentiate into effector cells that destroy the invading microorganisms. The immune system also produces antibodies that can neutralize the microorganisms.3. Immune memory: After an initial infection, the immune system retains a memory of the specific microorganism. This allows the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively if the same microorganism enters the body again in the future.

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