C) Noncoding regions excised during processing D) Regulate transcription 16. What is the primary function of the genome? A) Storing hereditary material B) Encoding proteins C) Copying information D) All of the above 17. In prokaryotic genomes how are genes generally organized? A) Randomly distributed B) Arranged in operons C) Separated by repetitive DNA D) Mixed with introns 18. What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication? A) DNA polymerase B) DNA ligase C) Helicase D) Primase 19. What prevents the reannealing of separated DNA strands during replication? A) Helicase B) DNA polymerase C) Single-strand binding proteins D) DNA ligase 20. Which type of mutation involves the removal of a nucleotide? A) Substitution B) Insertion C) Deletion D) Translocation 21. What does ploidy refer to? A) The length of chromosomes B) Number of chromosomes in a cell C) Complete sets of chromosomes in a cell D) None of the above 22. Which enzyme is involved in relieving supercoiling during replication? A) Topoisomerase B) Helicase C) DNA polymerase D) DNA ligase 23. Which of the following describes a Holliday junction? A) Single-strand repair intermediate B) Double-stranded DNA break repair intermediate C) Cross-strand exchange of DNA helices D) DNA replication fork 24. Which method does not directly repair DNA damage? A) Nucleotide excision repair B) Homologous recombination C) Error-prone bypass D) Photoreactivation 25. What does the lagging strand require for replication? A) DNA primase

Question

C) Noncoding regions excised during processing D) Regulate transcription 16. What is the primary function of the genome? A) Storing hereditary material B) Encoding proteins C) Copying information D) All of the above 17. In prokaryotic genomes how are genes generally organized? A) Randomly distributed B) Arranged in operons C) Separated by repetitive DNA D) Mixed with introns 18. What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication? A) DNA polymerase B) DNA ligase C) Helicase D) Primase 19. What prevents the reannealing of separated DNA strands during replication? A) Helicase B) DNA polymerase C) Single-strand binding proteins D) DNA ligase 20. Which type of mutation involves the removal of a nucleotide? A) Substitution B) Insertion C) Deletion D) Translocation 21. What does ploidy refer to? A) The length of chromosomes B) Number of chromosomes in a cell C) Complete sets of chromosomes in a cell D) None of the above 22. Which enzyme is involved in relieving supercoiling during replication? A) Topoisomerase B) Helicase C) DNA polymerase D) DNA ligase 23. Which of the following describes a Holliday junction? A) Single-strand repair intermediate B) Double-stranded DNA break repair intermediate C) Cross-strand exchange of DNA helices D) DNA replication fork 24. Which method does not directly repair DNA damage? A) Nucleotide excision repair B) Homologous recombination C) Error-prone bypass D) Photoreactivation 25. What does the lagging strand require for replication? A) DNA primase

Answer 1

16. A) Storing hereditary material17. B) Arranged in operons18. C) Helicase19. C) Single-strand binding proteins20. C) Deletion21. C) Complete sets of chromosomes in a cell22. A) Topoisomerase23. C) Cross-strand exchange of DNA helices24. B) Homologous recombination25. A) DNA primase

Answer 2

## Step1The primary function of the genome hereditary material. This is because the genome contains all the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of an organism.## Step2In prokaryotic genomes, genes are generally organized in operons. This is a functional unit of DNA that contains a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.## Step3The enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication is helicase. This enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, allowing the two strands to separate.## Step4Single-strand binding proteins prevent the reannealing of separated DNA strands during replication. They bind to the single-stranded DNA to prevent it from re-forming a double helix.## Step5A deletion mutation involves the removal of a nucleotide. This type of mutation can lead to a frameshift in can alter the amino acid sequence of a protein.## Step6Ploidy refers to the complete sets of chromosomes in a cell. For example, a diploid cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.## Step7Topoisomerase is the enzyme involved in relieving supercoiling during replication. It helps to prevent the DNA from becoming too tightly wound.## Step8A Holliday junction describes the cross-strand exchange of DNA helices. This is a type of genetic recombination that can occur during meiosis.## Step9Homologous recombination does not directly repair DNA damage. It is a process that allows for the exchange of genetic material between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.## Step10The lagging strand requires DNA primase for synthesizes a short RNA segment that serves as a primer for DNA synthesis.

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