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Give a brief history of the origin of HIV/ AIDS clearly indicating the current statistics of the number of infected person?(15marks) | Using examples describe some of the strategies adopted by Kenyan Government to fight spread of HIV/ AIDS?(15marks)
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The origin of HIV/AIDS can be traced back to the early 20th century. The virus is believed to have originated from simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that infected primates in Central and West Africa. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus responsible for causing AIDS, is thought to have crossed the species barrier and infected humans through contact with infected animals or through direct human-to-human transmission.The first cases of what would later be identified as AIDS were reported in the early 1980s in the United States. The disease was characterized by a weakened immune system, leading to opportunistic infections and cancers. As the disease spread globally, it became a major public health crisis.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2021, approximately 38 million people worldwide were living with HIV. In sub-Saharan Africa, the region most affected by the disease, an estimated 25.8 million people were living with HIV. In Kenya, the number of people living with HIV is estimated to be around 1.5 million, with approximately 60,000 new infections occurring each year.The Kenyan government has implemented various strategies to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS. Some of these strategies include:1. **Condom Distribution:** The government has implemented programs to distribute free condoms to high-risk populations, such as sex workers and men who have sex with men. This helps to reduce the transmission of HIV through sexual contact.2. **Antiretroviral Therapy (ART):** The government has expanded access to ART, which helps to manage HIV and improve the quality of life for individuals living with the disease. ART reduces the viral load in the body, making it difficult for the virus to be transmitted to others.3. **Prevention Programs:** The government has implemented various prevention programs, including education campaigns, peer education, and voluntary counseling and testing. These programs aim to increase awareness about HIV/AIDS, promote safe behaviors, and encourage individuals to get tested and know their HIV status.4. **Mother-to-Child Transmission Prevention:** The government has implemented programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This includes providing antiretroviral treatment to pregnant women living with HIV, promoting safe delivery practices, and providing postnatal care to prevent transmission to infants.5. **Stigma Reduction:** The government has launched initiatives to reduce stigma and discrimination against individuals living with HIV/AIDS. This includes public awareness campaigns, community outreach programs, and support services for affected individuals and their families.These strategies, along with the efforts of various organizations and individuals, have contributed to a decline in the number of new HIV infections and an increase in the number of people accessing treatment in Kenya. However, continued efforts are needed to address the persistent challenges and ensure that individuals living with HIV/AIDS receive the necessary support and care.