nuary, 2025 struction: Answer questions 1and 2 and 3 others. Question 1 (30marks) List the stages in land surveying ) Itemise the purposes of measurement ) Explain the following terms in contouring and aerial surveying ) Contour (ii)Contour lines (iii)Photogrammetry (iv) Air photograph d) State the principles of surveying? 2) Briefly explain the following as used in land surveying i) Triangulation. (ii)Levelling (iii) Land surveying (iv) Traversing (v) A f) List the advantages and disadvantages of: A Uention nin nhotoaraph

Question

nuary, 2025 struction: Answer questions 1and 2 and 3 others. Question 1 (30marks) List the stages in land surveying ) Itemise the purposes of measurement ) Explain the following terms in contouring and aerial surveying ) Contour (ii)Contour lines (iii)Photogrammetry (iv) Air photograph d) State the principles of surveying? 2) Briefly explain the following as used in land surveying i) Triangulation. (ii)Levelling (iii) Land surveying (iv) Traversing (v) A f) List the advantages and disadvantages of: A Uention nin nhotoaraph

Answer 1

Question 1 (30 marks)a) Stages in land surveying:1. Planning and preparation2. Site reconnaissance3. Measurement and data collection4. Data processing and analysis5. Mapping and presentation of resultsb) Purposes of measurement:1. Determining property boundaries2. Establishing land ownership and rights3. Mapping and creating topographic maps4. Designing and planning infrastructure projects5. Conducting environmental impact assessmentsc) Explanation of terms in contouring and aerial surveying:(i) Contour: A line on a map or a graph that connects points of equal elevation above a reference level, such as sea level.(ii) Contour lines: Lines on a map that connect points of equal elevation, indicating the shape and elevation of the terrain.(iii) Photogrammetry: The science of making measurements from photographs, especially for recovering the exact positions of surface points.(iv) Air photograph: An image taken from an aircraft or drone, used in aerial surveying and mapping.d) Principles of surveying:1. Accuracy and precision2. Trigonometry and geometry3. Measurement and data collection4. Data processing and analysis5. Mapping and presentation of results2) Briefly explain the following as used in land surveying:(i) Triangulation: A method of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to it from known points.(ii) Levelling: The process of measuring the height difference between points on the Earth's surface.(iii) Land surveying: The process of measuring and mapping the physical features of the land.(iv) Traversing: The process of moving from one point to another, usually along a path or route, and recording the distances and directions.f) Advantages and disadvantages of aerial photography:Advantages:1. Provides a comprehensive view of the area2. Can be used to identify features and changes over time3. Can be used for mapping and planning4. Can be used for environmental monitoringDisadvantages:1. Requires specialized equipment and expertise2. Can be affected by weather conditions3. Can be expensive4. May have limitations in resolution and coverage.

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