square group. 12. What are the bonds between the 2nd and 3rợ phosphates? square

The bonds between the 2nd and 3rd phosphates in a nucleotide chain are typically **phosphodiester bonds**. These bonds are formed during the process of dehydration synthesis, where a water molecule is removed as the phosphate group of one nucleotide bonds with the hydroxyl group on the sugar of another nucleotide. This creates a strong, stable bond that links the nucleotides together into a chain, forming the backbone of DNA or RNA molecules.