(b) (a)State TWO functions of networking standards and protocols i).State the OSI layer that offers reliable, connection -oriented data communication services and identify the protocol responsible for this service [1 mark] ii). Other than the service stated above state TWO other services offered by the protocol identified in b(i) above [2 mark] (c) i). Explain the role of access methods in a data communication system (2 marks) ii). Explain how each of the following access methods works (4 marks) 1. CSMA/CD: 2. CSMA/CA: (d) Describe the following error types 1. Single-bit errors: (2 marks) 2. Burst errors: (2 marks) (e) i.) State the role of each of the following types of addressing applied by the TCP/IP protocol suite 3. Physical Address (2 marks) 4. Logical Address (2 marks) 5. Port Address (2 marks) 6. Specific Address (2 marks) (f) Consider a digital Signal with eight levels i.) How many bits are required per level? (2 marks) ii.) List the eight levels (2 marks) iii.) Convert the data ''111001000001101001' "to an eight-level digital signal (2 marks) SECTION B (40 Marks) Answer ANY TWO Questions in this section QUESTION TWO (20 marks) (a) Vision : A University for Valued Transformation of Society Mission: To sence students and society through research.education, scholarship, training, imooration outreach sand consultancy Laikipia University is ISO 9001:2015 and ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Certified i) Explain the concept of multiplexing and state its significance in data communication networks (2 marks) ii) Distinguish between time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing (2 marks) (c) Describe the five components of a data communication system (d) What is the maximum bit rate of a noiseless channel with a bandwidth of 5000 Hz (5 marks) (2 marks) (i) Explain the role of pulse code modulation (PCM)in data communication (2 marks) (ii) With aid of diagrammatic illustrations, explain all the steps involved in pulse code modulation (PCM) e.g., to convert a sound signal into the digital form (6 marks) Page 2 of 4 COMP 216

(b)<br />(a) State TWO functions of networking standards and protocols<br />i) State the OSI layer that offers reliable, connection-oriented data communication services and identify the protocol responsible for this service [1 mark]<br />ii) Other than the service stated above state TWO other services offered by the protocol identified in b(i) above [2 marks]<br /><br />(c)<br />i) Explain the role of access methods in a data communication system [2 marks]<br />ii) Explain how each of the following access methods works [4 marks]<br />1. CSMA/CD:<br />2. CSMA/CA:<br /><br />(d)<br />Describe the following error types<br />1. Single-bit errors: [2 marks]<br />2. Burst errors: [2 marks]<br /><br />(e)<br />i) State the role of each of the following types of addressing applied by the TCP/IP protocol suite<br />3. Physical Address [2 marks]<br />4. Logical Address [2 marks]<br />5. Port Address [2 marks]<br />6. Specific Address [2 marks]<br /><br />(f)<br />Consider a digital Signal with eight levels<br />i) How many bits are required per level? [2 marks]<br />ii) List the eight levels [2 marks]<br />iii) Convert the data "111001000001101001" to an eight-level digital signal [2 marks]<br /><br />SECTION B (40 Marks)<br />Answer ANY TWO Questions in this section<br />QUESTION TWO (20 marks)<br />(a)<br />Vision: A University for Valued Transformation of Society<br />Mission: To transform students and society through research, education, scholarship, training, innovation, outreach, and consultancy<br />Laikipia University is ISO 9001:2015 and ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Certified<br />i) Explain the concept of multiplexing and state its significance in data communication networks [2 marks]<br />ii) Distinguish between time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing [2 marks]<br /><br />(c) Describe the five components of a data communication system [2 marks]<br /><br />(d) What is the maximum bit rate of a noiseless channel with a bandwidth of 5000 Hz? [5 marks]<br /><br />(e)<br />i) Explain the role of pulse code modulation (PCM) in data communication [2 marks]<br />ii) With aid of diagrammatic illustrations, explain all the steps involved in pulse code modulation (PCM) e.g., to convert a sound signal into the digital form [6 marks]