d) Compare and contrast Sociology and Sociology of Education. Question Two a) What is a Symbol? Question Three a) Distinguish between school and a classroom sociologically. b) Is a school formal social organization? Justify Question Four a) Differentiate between a teacher and a learner sociologically a) Explain the terms: i. Sociological perspective ii. Sociology of education b) Explain how knowledge and social skills gained from scciology of education can be used to reduce spread of COVID -19 in lower primary educntion in Kenya. (6 marks) c) Discuss five ways through which sociology of education enables effectiveness of the teaching planning process. (10 marks) (10 marks) (3 marks) b) Discuss the fencis of Syubolic Interactionism theory illustrating how the; offect teaching and learning outcomes. (12 marks) (3 marks (12 marks) (3 marks) b) How does sociology of Education enable teachers and learners to realize the social purpose of Education? Use suitable illustrations to qualify your arguments (12 marks) Question Five a) Distinguish between drug and substance abuse. (3 marks) b) Demonstrate how sociological knowiedge can be eliectively utilized to curb drug and substance abuse in schools Use suitable illustrations to support your answer. (2 marks) (2 marks)

Question One<br /><br />d) Sociology is the study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. It examines how societies function, the structures within them, and the interactions between individuals and groups. Sociology of Education, on the other hand, is a subfield of sociology that specifically focuses on how educational institutions affect society and individuals. It explores the role of education in socialization, cultural transmission, and social stratification.<br /><br />Question Two<br /><br />a) A symbol is an object, word, or action that represents something beyond its literal meaning. In sociology, symbols are crucial for communication and understanding within a culture, as they convey shared meanings and values.<br /><br />Question Three<br /><br />a) Sociologically, a school is an institution designed for the formal education of students, encompassing various social roles, norms, and structures. A classroom is a specific environment within a school where direct teaching and learning occur, focusing on the interaction between teachers and students.<br /><br />b) Yes, a school is a formal social organization because it has structured systems, defined roles (such as teachers and students), established rules, and specific goals aimed at educating individuals and preparing them for societal participation.<br /><br />Question Four<br /><br />a) Sociologically, a teacher is an individual who facilitates learning by imparting knowledge and skills, while a learner is someone who receives and processes this information to gain understanding and competence.<br /><br />i. Sociological perspective refers to viewing social phenomena through the lens of social structures, patterns, and relationships, considering how these elements influence human behavior and society.<br /><br />ii. Sociology of education examines how educational institutions impact society and individuals, exploring themes like socialization, inequality, and cultural transmission.<br /><br />b) Knowledge and social skills from sociology of education can help reduce the spread of COVID-19 in lower primary education in Kenya by promoting awareness of health guidelines, encouraging cooperative behavior among students, and fostering an understanding of the importance of community health.<br /><br />c) Sociology of education enhances the teaching planning process by:<br /><br />1. Providing insights into diverse student backgrounds and needs.<br />2. Highlighting the impact of social factors on learning.<br />3. Encouraging inclusive and equitable educational practices.<br />4. Informing curriculum development with sociocultural relevance.<br />5. Facilitating effective communication and collaboration among educators.<br /><br />b) Symbolic Interactionism theory emphasizes the role of symbols and language in social interactions. It affects teaching and learning outcomes by highlighting the importance of teacher-student communication, the interpretation of educational content, and the creation of a positive learning environment through meaningful interactions.<br /><br />b) Sociology of Education helps teachers and learners realize the social purpose of education by illustrating how education contributes to social cohesion, cultural continuity, and individual empowerment. For example, it shows how schools can promote social values and prepare students for active citizenship.<br /><br />Question Five<br /><br />a) Drug abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Substance abuse is a broader term that includes the misuse of any substance, such as prescription medications or household chemicals, leading to negative consequences.<br /><br />b) Sociological knowledge can curb drug and substance abuse in schools by:<br /><br />1. Understanding peer pressure dynamics and developing interventions.<br />2. Creating awareness programs that address social influences on behavior.<br />3. Implementing policies that foster a supportive and healthy school environment.