Provide detailed information on the following: (4 points each) 1) Thomas Edison 2) Lumiere Brothers 3) Charlie Chaplin and his films 4) Eadweard Muybridge 5) Kinetograph and kinetescope 6) Soviet Cinema and Social Realism 7) Kuleshov Effect 8) Camera Obscura 9) George Melies 10) Sergei Eisenstein and 'Battleship Potemkin'

1) Thomas Edison: Thomas Edison was an American inventor and businessman who is credited with inventing the practical incandescent light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera. He held over 1,000 patents for his inventions and founded General Electric, one of the largest and most diversified industrial corporations in the world.<br />2) Lumiere Brothers: The Lumiere brothers, Auguste and Louis, were French inventors and filmmakers who are credited with creating the first public screening of films in 1895. They are considered to be the founders of modern cinema and their films, such as "Workers Leaving the Lumiere Factory" and "The Sprinkler Sprinkled with Water," are considered to be some of the first motion pictures.<br />3) Charlie Chaplin and his films: Charlie Chaplin was a British comedian, actor, director, and producer who is considered to be one of the greatest comedians of all time. He is best known for his work in silent films, particularly his "Little Tramp" character. Some of his most famous films include "The Gold Rush," "City Lights," and "Modern Times."<br />4) Eadweard Muybridge: Eadweard Muybridge was a British photographer who is known for his pioneering work in motion photography. In 1878, Muybridge set up a series of cameras in a horse race track and captured a sequence of photographs of a horse in motion. These photographs were later used to create a series of images that showed the different phases of a horse's gait, proving that a horse's legs were in motion while galloping.<br />5) Kinetograph and kinetoscope: The kinetograph was an early motion picture camera invented by Thomas Edison and his team in the late 19th century. The kinetoscope was a device that allowed viewers to watch short films through a peephole in a cabinet. It was the first commercially successful motion picture exhibition device and helped to popularize the medium of cinema.<br />6) Soviet Cinema and Social Realism: Soviet cinema emerged in the early 20th century and was characterized by a focus on social realism, a style of filmmaking that aimed to depict the lives of ordinary people and promote socialist ideals. Directors such as Sergei Eisenstein and Dziga Vertov used innovative techniques like montage editing to create powerful and evocative films.<br />7) Kuleshov Effect: The Kuleshov Effect is editing technique that demonstrates the power of montage. It was named after Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov, who experimented with different shots of an actor's face to create different emotions. By juxtaposing the same shot with different images, Kuleshov was able to create the illusion of the actor experiencing different emotions.<br />8) Camera Obscura: The camera obscura is an optical device that projects an inverted image of the outside world onto a screen. It has been used for centuries as a drawing aid and as a precursor to the modern camera. The camera obscura is the basis for the technology used in photography and cinematography.<br />9) George Melies: George Melies was a French magician and filmmaker who is known for his innovative use of special effects in his films. He is considered to be one of the first filmmakers to use the technique of substitution, in which objects are substituted for others in a shot to create the illusion of magic. Some of his most famous films include "A Trip to the Moon" and "The Kiss."<br />10) Sergei Eisenstein and 'Battleship Potemkin': Sergei Eisenstein was a Soviet filmmaker and film theorist who is known for his innovative use of montage editing. His film "Battleship Potemkin" is considered to be one of the greatest films of all time and is known for its powerful use of montage to create emotional and psychological effects. The film tells the story of a mutiny on a battleship and is famous for its Odessa Steps sequence, which is considered to be one of the most iconic scenes in cinema history.