1. What is polymorphism in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)Explain it in your own words. including both complle-time and untime polymorphism. Compare the two types, highlighting their differences. (10 points) 2. What is encapsulation in Object-Oriented Programming (00P)? Explain its purpose how it is implemented, and why it is important. Provide examples of access modifiers and their role in encapsulation. (10 points) 3. What is a race condition in concurrent programming? Explain how it occurs and describe its potential impact on a program's behavior. (5 points) nswers

1. Polymorphism in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) refers to the ability of an object to take on multiple forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. Polymorphism can be achieved through method overriding, where a subclass provides a different implementation of a method in its superclass, or through method overloading, where multiple methods with the same name but different parameters can be defined. There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time and run-time. Compile-time polymorphism, also known as static polymorphism, occurs when the method to be called is determined at compile time. This is achieved through method overloading. Run-time polymorphism, also known as dynamic polymorphism, occurs when the method to be called is determined at run time. This is achieved through method overriding. The main difference between the two is that compile-time polymorphism is resolved at compile time, while run-time polymorphism is resolved at run time.<br />2. Encapsulation in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) refers to the bundling of data and the methods that operate on that data, within a single unit or class. It is a way to hide the internal details of an object and provide a public interface to interact with it. Encapsulation is implemented through access modifiers, such as public, private, and protected, which control the visibility of the data and methods within a class. The purpose of encapsulation is to protect the integrity of the data and to provide a way to change the implementation of a class without affecting other classes that use it. Access modifiers play a crucial role in encapsulation by controlling which data and methods are accessible to other classes. For example, a private member of a class can only be accessed within the class itself, while a public member can be accessed from any other class.<br />3. A race condition in concurrent programming occurs when two or more threads attempt to access the same resource simultaneously, and the outcome of the program depends on the order in which the accesses occur. This can lead to unpredictable behavior and errors in the program. Race conditions can occur when threads are not properly synchronized, or when shared resources are not properly protected. The potential impact of a race condition on a program's behavior can be severe, as it can lead to data corruption, unexpected results, or even crashes. To avoid race conditions, synchronization mechanisms such as locks, semaphores, or monitors can be used to ensure that only one thread can access a shared resource at a time.