a. Given the following When code smpoet demonstration functional programming, explain what it does numbers=[1,2,3,4] (mapilambda nin :- numbers) print (equaren) Answer: __ 3. Identify and describe the programming paradigm and specifically which concept of that paradigm demonstrated by the following Java code: public abstract class Shape abstract void draw(); public class TestShapes ( public static void main(String() args) ( Shape myCircle = new Circle (); Shape mySquare = new Square (); myCircle.draw(); mysquare.draw(); ) 4. Given the following Python code, identify if it aligns more with functional or imperative programming paradigms and justify your answer. numbers=[1,2,3,4,5] doubled=[nast 2forn in numbers]

1. The given code demonstrates functional programming. Here's a breakdown of what it does:<br /><br />- `numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]`: This line creates a list called `numbers` containing four elements: 1, 2, 3, and 4.<br />- `(mapilambda nin :- numbers)`: This line seems to be a typo. It should be `map(lambda n: n, numbers)`. The `map` function applies a given function to each element of an iterable (in this case, the `numbers` list) and returns a new iterable with the results. Here, the function is `lambda n: n`, which simply returns the input value `n`. So, this line creates a new list with the same elements as the `numbers` list.<br />- `print(equaren)`: This line seems to be a typo. It should be `print(numbers)`. This line prints the `numbers` list.<br /><br />2. The Java code provided demonstrates the use of abstraction and inheritance, which are concepts commonly found in object-oriented programming (OOP) paradigms. In this code, we have an abstract class `Shape` with an abstract method `draw()`. This means that any subclass of `Shape` must provide an implementation for the `draw()` method. The `TestShapes` class is a test class that creates instances of `Circle` and `Square` classes (which are subclasses of `Shape`) and calls their `draw()` methods. This demonstrates the use of inheritance, where the `Circle` and `Square` classes inherit properties and methods from the `Shape` class.<br /><br />3. The given Python code aligns more with the functional programming paradigm. Here's why:<br /><br />- The code uses list comprehension, which is a functional programming construct for creating lists. It applies a simple operation (multiplication by 2) to each element of the `numbers` list using a lambda function.<br />- There is no modification of the original `numbers` list. Instead, a new list `doubled` is created with the doubled values.<br /><br />In contrast, imperative programming typically involves modifying the state of variables directly, often using loops and assignments. Since the Python code does not modify the original list and uses a functional construct (list comprehension), it aligns more with functional programming.