40. Which of the following describes a single-blind study design? a) Participants are unaware of the treatment assignment b) Study investigators are unswere of the treatment masynment. c) Both participants and atudy investigators are maware of the treatment assignment d) Neither participants nor study investigators are aware of the treatment assignment 41. Which type of healtheare system is primarily forded through tases and provides universal access to healtheare services? a) Socialized medicine b) Private insorance-haved sylen c) Single-payer system d) Managed care system 42. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method commonly used in healtheare studies? a) Phenomenological study b) Grounded theory study c) Case study d) Survey study 43. Who is considered the "Father of Modern Epidemiology"? a) Hippocrates b) Louis Pasteur (c) John Snow d) Robert Koch c) Ignaz Semmelweis 44. What is the primary goal of epiderniology? b) Control infectious discase a) Develop new medical treatments c) Improve healthcare infrastructure d) Promote healthy lifestyles ye) Identify risk factors and prevent diseases 45. What is the primary objective of a cross-sectional study? a) To investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between exposure and outcome b) To follow a group of individuals over time to determine the incidence of a disease c) To examine the prevalence of a disease of condition in a population at a specific point in time d) To compare the outcomes of individuals who have been exposed to a particular risk factor with those w have not 16. Which of the following is a potential limitation of cross-sectional studies? a) They are expensive and time-consuming.They cannot establish causality. c) They require long-term follow-up of participants. 4)They are prone to selection bias. study design is commonly used to investigate the association between risk factors and outcomes in whospective manner? retrospectintrol study b)Cohort study c) Randomized controlled trial d) Cross-sectional study 48. What is the primary characteristic of case-control study? on their exposure status and followed over time. b) Participants are randomi assigned to intervention and control groups. based on their disease status and compared to a control group. d) Participants are followed prospectively to determine the coldence of a disease. advantage of case-control studies? which or th useful for investigating hip diseases or xb) They establish tempera relationships between exposure and outcome. of disease incidence. 50. Which of the following is a potential limitation of case-control studies? d) They eliminate recall bias. d) They cannot establish causality. a) They are prone to selection bias. b) They require long-term follow-up of participants. c) They are costly and time-consuming- 51. Which type of study design is most appropriate for investigating the incidence of a disease in a p time? ort studies? time mssectional study b) Case-control study e)Cohort study d) Randomized controlled tria

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40. Which of the following describes a single-blind study design? a) Participants are unaware of the treatment assignment b) Study investigators are unswere of the treatment masynment. c) Both participants and atudy investigators are maware of the treatment assignment d) Neither participants nor study investigators are aware of the treatment assignment 41. Which type of healtheare system is primarily forded through tases and provides universal access to healtheare services? a) Socialized medicine b) Private insorance-haved sylen c) Single-payer system d) Managed care system 42. Which of the following is an example of a quantitative research method commonly used in healtheare studies? a) Phenomenological study b) Grounded theory study c) Case study d) Survey study 43. Who is considered the "Father of Modern Epidemiology"? a) Hippocrates b) Louis Pasteur (c) John Snow d) Robert Koch c) Ignaz Semmelweis 44. What is the primary goal of epiderniology? b) Control infectious discase a) Develop new medical treatments c) Improve healthcare infrastructure d) Promote healthy lifestyles ye) Identify risk factors and prevent diseases 45. What is the primary objective of a cross-sectional study? a) To investigate the cause-and-effect relationship between exposure and outcome b) To follow a group of individuals over time to determine the incidence of a disease c) To examine the prevalence of a disease of condition in a population at a specific point in time d) To compare the outcomes of individuals who have been exposed to a particular risk factor with those w have not 16. Which of the following is a potential limitation of cross-sectional studies? a) They are expensive and time-consuming.They cannot establish causality. c) They require long-term follow-up of participants. 4)They are prone to selection bias. study design is commonly used to investigate the association between risk factors and outcomes in whospective manner? retrospectintrol study b)Cohort study c) Randomized controlled trial d) Cross-sectional study 48. What is the primary characteristic of case-control study? on their exposure status and followed over time. b) Participants are randomi assigned to intervention and control groups. based on their disease status and compared to a control group. d) Participants are followed prospectively to determine the coldence of a disease. advantage of case-control studies? which or th useful for investigating hip diseases or xb) They establish tempera relationships between exposure and outcome. of disease incidence. 50. Which of the following is a potential limitation of case-control studies? d) They eliminate recall bias. d) They cannot establish causality. a) They are prone to selection bias. b) They require long-term follow-up of participants. c) They are costly and time-consuming- 51. Which type of study design is most appropriate for investigating the incidence of a disease in a p time? ort studies? time mssectional study b) Case-control study e)Cohort study d) Randomized controlled tria

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40. The correct answer is a) Participants are unaware of the treatment assignment. In a single-blind study design, the participants are unaware of the treatment assignment, but the study investigators are aware of it. 41. The correct answer is a) Socialized medicine. A socialized medicine system is primarily funded through taxes and provides universal access to healthcare services. 42. The correct answer is d) Survey study. A survey study is a quantitative research method commonly used in healthcare studies. 43. The correct answer is c) John Snow. John Snow is considered the "Father of Modern Epidemiology." 44. The correct answer is e) Identify risk factors and prevent diseases. The primary goal of epidemiology is to identify risk factors and prevent diseases. 45. The correct answer is c) To examine the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population at a specific point in time. The primary objective of a cross-sectional study is to examine the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population at a specific point in time. 46. The correct answer is b) They cannot establish causality. A potential limitation of cross-sectional studies is that they cannot establish causality. 47. The correct answer is a) Case-control study. A case-control study design is commonly used to investigate the association between risk factors and outcomes in a retrospective manner. 48. The correct answer is c) Participants are selected based on their disease status and compared to a control group. The primary characteristic of a case-control study is that participants are selected based on their disease status and compared to a control group. 49. The correct answer is a) They are useful for investigating rare diseases or temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. A potential advantage of case-control studies is that they are useful for investigating rare diseases or temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. 50. The correct answer is a) They are prone to selection bias. A potential limitation of case-control studies is that they are prone to selection bias. 51. The correct answer is c) Cohort study. A cohort study design is most appropriate for investigating the incidence of a disease in a population over time.

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