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Vehicle (suppository base) An ideal suppository vehicle or base should: melt, dissolve or disperse at body temperature. It should be nonirritating , chemically and physically stable during storage and after preparation into a suppository, Pharmacologically inert. It should be compatible with a range of drugs It should allow optimal drug release. It should also be convenient to handle during manufacturing and storage. Leakage following administration is likely to be less problematic if the viscosity of the vehicle after melting or dispersion is high. There are two main classes of vehicles in use: lipophilic (fatty)bases and water-soluble bases. As a rule, hydrophilic drugs tend to be formulated in fatty bases and lipophilic drugs tend to be formulated in water- soluble bases so that they retain a high thermodynamic activity and thus high drug release from the dosage form.

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Vehicle (suppository base)
An ideal suppository vehicle or base should:
melt, dissolve or disperse at body temperature.
It should be nonirritating , chemically and physically stable during storage
and after preparation into a suppository,
Pharmacologically inert.
It should be compatible with a range of drugs
It should allow optimal drug release.
It should also be convenient to handle during manufacturing and storage.
Leakage following administration is likely to be less problematic if the
viscosity of the vehicle after melting or dispersion is high.
There are two main classes of vehicles in use:
lipophilic (fatty)bases and water-soluble bases. As a
rule,
hydrophilic drugs tend to be formulated in fatty bases
and
lipophilic drugs tend to be formulated in water-
soluble bases so that they retain a high
thermodynamic activity and thus high drug release
from the dosage form.

Vehicle (suppository base) An ideal suppository vehicle or base should: melt, dissolve or disperse at body temperature. It should be nonirritating , chemically and physically stable during storage and after preparation into a suppository, Pharmacologically inert. It should be compatible with a range of drugs It should allow optimal drug release. It should also be convenient to handle during manufacturing and storage. Leakage following administration is likely to be less problematic if the viscosity of the vehicle after melting or dispersion is high. There are two main classes of vehicles in use: lipophilic (fatty)bases and water-soluble bases. As a rule, hydrophilic drugs tend to be formulated in fatty bases and lipophilic drugs tend to be formulated in water- soluble bases so that they retain a high thermodynamic activity and thus high drug release from the dosage form.

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İsmail
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ideal suppository base is crucial for ensuring the effectiveness and safety of the medication it delivers. Here are some key characteristics and considerations for an ideal suppository vehicle or base:

1. **Melting, Dissolving, or Dispersing at Body Temperature**: The base should transition to a liquid state at body temperature (approximately 37°C or 98.6°F) to ensure that the drug is released effectively once administered.

2. **Non-Irritating**: The base should not cause irritation or discomfort to the mucosal tissues where the suppository is applied.

3. **Chemical and Physical Stability**: The base must remain stable during storage and after being prepared into a suppository. This ensures that the drug remains effective and safe over its shelf life.

4. **Pharmacologically Inert**: The base should not interact with the drug or have any pharmacological activity of its own. It should serve solely as a carrier for the active ingredient.

5. **Compatibility with a Range of Drugs**: The base should be versatile enough to be used with various drugs without causing degradation or interaction.

6. **Optimal Drug Release**: The base should facilitate the release of the drug in a manner that allows for optimal absorption and therapeutic effect.

7. **Convenience in Handling and Storage**: The base should be easy to work with during manufacturing and should maintain its integrity during storage.

8. **High Viscosity After Melting or Dispersion**: A higher viscosity can help reduce leakage after administration, which is important for patient comfort and drug retention.

There are two main classes of suppository bases:

- **Lipophilic (Fatty) Bases**: These include bases like cocoa butter and synthetic triglycerides. They are typically used for hydrophilic drugs because they provide a good release profile by maintaining high thermodynamic activity.

- **Water-Soluble Bases**: These include polyethylene glycol (PEG) and glycerinated gelatin. They are often used for lipophilic drugs, again to ensure high thermodynamic activity and effective drug release.

The choice between these bases depends on the nature of the drug being delivered and the desired release characteristics. By selecting the appropriate base, formulators can optimize the delivery and efficacy of the suppository.
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