nuary, 2025 struction: Answer questions 1and 2 and 3 others. Question 1 (30marks) List the stages in land surveying ) Itemise the purposes of measurement ) Explain the following terms in contouring and aerial surveying ) Contour (ii)Contour lines (iii)Photogrammetry (iv) Air photograph d) State the principles of surveying? 2) Briefly explain the following as used in land surveying i) Triangulation. (ii)Levelling (iii) Land surveying (iv) Traversing (v) A f) List the advantages and disadvantages of: A Uention nin nhotoaraph

Question 1 (30 marks)<br /><br />a) Stages in land surveying:<br />1. Planning and preparation<br />2. Site reconnaissance<br />3. Measurement and data collection<br />4. Data processing and analysis<br />5. Mapping and presentation of results<br /><br />b) Purposes of measurement:<br />1. Determining property boundaries<br />2. Establishing land ownership and rights<br />3. Mapping and creating topographic maps<br />4. Designing and planning infrastructure projects<br />5. Conducting environmental impact assessments<br /><br />c) Explanation of terms in contouring and aerial surveying:<br />(i) Contour: A line on a map or a graph that connects points of equal elevation above a reference level, such as sea level.<br />(ii) Contour lines: Lines on a map that connect points of equal elevation, indicating the shape and elevation of the terrain.<br />(iii) Photogrammetry: The science of making measurements from photographs, especially for recovering the exact positions of surface points.<br />(iv) Air photograph: An image taken from an aircraft or drone, used in aerial surveying and mapping.<br /><br />d) Principles of surveying:<br />1. Accuracy and precision<br />2. Trigonometry and geometry<br />3. Measurement and data collection<br />4. Data processing and analysis<br />5. Mapping and presentation of results<br /><br />2) Briefly explain the following as used in land surveying:<br />(i) Triangulation: A method of determining the location of a point by forming triangles to it from known points.<br />(ii) Levelling: The process of measuring the height difference between points on the Earth's surface.<br />(iii) Land surveying: The process of measuring and mapping the physical features of the land.<br />(iv) Traversing: The process of moving from one point to another, usually along a path or route, and recording the distances and directions.<br /><br />f) Advantages and disadvantages of aerial photography:<br />Advantages:<br />1. Provides a comprehensive view of the area<br />2. Can be used to identify features and changes over time<br />3. Can be used for mapping and planning<br />4. Can be used for environmental monitoring<br /><br />Disadvantages:<br />1. Requires specialized equipment and expertise<br />2. Can be affected by weather conditions<br />3. Can be expensive<br />4. May have limitations in resolution and coverage.