Times 30 min 1. First Principle of Failure Analysis is: a) Polishing surface c) Macroscopic examination b) Observing without touching d) Microscopic examination 2. Which one is not a fallure analysis tool? a) Transmission electron microscopy b) Optical microscopy c) Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis d) Scanning electron microscopy 3. Chromatic and spherical aberration in optical microscopy are known as: a) Resolution modifier b) Contrast maker c) Light scatterer d) Lens errors 4. Which conditions are typically represented in a phase diagram? a) Pressure, volume, and atomic weight b) Temperature and time c) Temperature, pressure, or chemical composition d) Pressure and volume 5. What type of failure can result from improper maintenance or repair? a) Cavitation b) Chemical attack c) Welding d) Stress corrosion 6. What causes disintegration at elevated temperatures? a) Sonic vibrations b) Thermal shock c) Attack by liquid metals or platings d) Severe vibration 7. Which option is the most common cause of failure in aircraft parts? a) Stress corrosion b) Fatigue c) High-temperature oxidation d) Overload 8. Which of the following is NOT explicitly mentioned as a step in failure analysis? a) Description of the failure situation b) Visual examination c) Testing for radiation damage d) Chemical design analysis 9. Metallographic sections are typically taken through which areas? a) Contaminated regions only b) Fracture surfaces and other locations c) Clean and polished surfaces d) Areas with the most corrosion

1. The correct answer is b) Observing without touching. The First Principle of Failure Analysis is to observe the failure without touching it. This helps in gathering information about the failure without causing any further damage or altering the evidence.<br />2. The correct answer is c) Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis. ICP analysis is a technique used for elemental analysis and is not a failure analysis tool. The other options, transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, are all techniques used in failure analysis.<br />3. The correct answer is d) Lens errors. Chromatic and spherical aberration in optical microscopy are known as lens errors. These errors occur due to imperfections in the lens and can affect the image quality.<br />4. The correct answer is c) Temperature, pressure, or chemical composition. A phase diagram typically represents the conditions of temperature, pressure, or chemical composition at which different phases of a material exist.<br />5. The correct answer is d) Stress corrosion. Improper maintenance or repair can lead to stress corrosion, which is a type of failure caused by the combined effects of tensile stress and a corrosive environment.<br />6. The correct answer is b) Thermal shock. Disintegration at elevated temperatures is typically caused by thermal shock, which is a sudden change in temperature that can lead to cracking or failure of a material.<br />7. The correct answer is b) Fatigue. Fatigue is the most common cause of failure in aircraft parts. It occurs due to repeated loading and unloading cycles that can lead to cracking or failure of the material.<br />8. The correct answer is d) Chemical design analysis. Chemical design analysis is not explicitly mentioned as a step in failure analysis. The steps typically include describing the failure situation, visual examination, and testing for radiation damage.<br />9. The correct answer is b) Fracture surfaces and other locations. Metallographic sections are typically taken through fracture surfaces and other locations to study the microstructure and analyze the failure mechanism.