Who first conceptualized the American penitentiary? A reformers B labor advocates C Progressives D Quakers

D Quakers<br /><br />The Quakers, particularly in Pennsylvania, were among the first to conceptualize the American penitentiary system. They advocated for a more humane and rehabilitative approach to punishment, which led to the establishment of the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia in 1790. This facility is often considered the first true penitentiary, emphasizing solitary confinement and reflection as means for reforming offenders.