45. What is the primary function of telomerase? A) Repair DNA damage in coding regions. B) Add repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes. C) Facilitate DNA replication at the origin of replication. D) Remove damaged telomeres from the chromosome. 46. Telomerase is most active in which type of cells? A) Somatic cells B) Germ cells and stem cells C) Neurons and muscle cells D) Mature red blood cells 47. Telomerase is classified as which type of enzyme? A) Helicase B) DNA polymerase C) Reverse transcriptase D) Ligase 48. Which sequence would be a good forward primer for the template strand: 5'-AGTCTGACCGTAA CTG-3'? A)5'-CAGTTACGGTCAGACT-3' B) 5'-AGTCTGACCGTAACTG-3' 5'-GACGTTACGTTCGCTA-3' 5'-TCAGACTGTTACCGGA-3' 49. What is the complementary DNA strand of the sequence 5'-ATCGGCTA-3' A) 5'-TAGCCGAT-3' B) 5'-CGTAGGTA-3' C) 5'-TAGCCGTA-3' D) 5'-UAGCCGAT-3' 50. When transcribing the DNA strand 3'-TACCGGATG-5' into RNA, what would be the resulting RNA strand? A) 5'-AUGGCCUAC-3' B) 3'-AUGGCCUAC-5' C) 5'-UACCGGAUG-3' D) 3'-UACCGGAUG-5'

45. B) Add repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes.<br />Telomerase is an enzyme that adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes, which are called telomeres. This process helps to protect the integrity of the chromosome and prevent it from deteriorating or fusing with other chromosomes.<br /><br />46. B) Germ cells and stem cells<br />Telomerase is most active in germ cells (sperm and egg cells) and stem cells. This is because these cells need to maintain their telomeres in order to divide and produce new cells.<br /><br />47. C) Reverse transcriptase<br />Telomerase is classified as a reverse transcriptase enzyme. It uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize DNA, which is then added to the telomeres.<br /><br />48. C) $5'-GACGTTACGTTCGCTA-3'$<br />The forward primer should be complementary to the template strand and have a free 3' end to initiate DNA synthesis. The sequence $5'-GACGTTACGTTCGCTA-3'$ is complementary to the template strand and has a free 3' end.<br /><br />49. C) $5'-TAGCCGTA-3'$<br />The complementary DNA strand is synthesized by pairing the complementary bases (A with T, C with G). The complementary strand of $5'-ATCGGCTA-3'$ is $5'-TAGCCGTA-3'$.<br /><br />50. A) $5'-AUGGCCUAC-3'$<br />During transcription, the DNA strand is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA strand. The RNA strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, and the complementary bases (A with U, C with G, T with A) are paired. The resulting RNA strand from the DNA sequence $3'-TACCGGATG-5'$ is $5'-AUGGCCUAC-3'$.