gram staining Gram-negative bacteria appear as: A) Reddish B) Blueish C) Orangish D)Yellowish E) None 16. __ is the target site for the penicillin: 1-4 B) NAG C)NAM D) Pentapeptide sidechain E)Pentaglycine bridges 17. Which of the following is not true for fungi? 17. Muscleal vall contains engosition cell wall contains ergosters.I yeasts that may cause opportunistic B) Cryptococund reverse side of the agar media should be observed when evaluating mold colory morphology morpholog buds fail to separate, then chains of buds are formed, and they become elongated seas hyphae which is called germ tube E) Secondary metabolites of fungi can cause allergies. 18. Choose the best word to complete the following sentence. "Viruses require __ to reproduce." A) bacteria B) plants C) animals D) living cells E) Nothing 19. The viruses that live in bacterial cell are: A)Fungi B) Commensals C) Bacteriophages D) Prions E) None of these 20. Virus will contain: A) Cell membrane B) Cell wall C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) DNA or RNA E) Ribosome

## Step1<br />For question 15, we need to identify the color of Gram-negative bacteria after Gram staining. Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer that does not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method. Instead, they take up the counterstain, which is usually a reddish color.<br /><br />## Step2<br />Question 16 asks for the target site of penicillin. Penicillin works by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a vital component of bacterial cell walls. Specifically, it binds to the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are involved in the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan layer.<br /><br />## Step3<br />Question 17 is about the characteristics of fungi. The statement "Muscleal vall contains engosition" is not true for fungi. Fungi have a cell wall that contains ergosterol, not muscles. Muscles are characteristic of animal cells, not fungi.<br /><br />## Step4<br />Question 18 asks for the requirement of viruses to reproduce. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they require a host cell to replicate. They cannot reproduce without infecting a living cell.<br /><br />## Step5<br />Question 19 asks for the type of viruses that live in bacterial cells. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are the most common and well-known type of virus that specifically targets bacterial cells.<br /><br />## Step6<br />Question 20 asks for the components of a virus. Viruses are much simpler than cells and do not contain a cell membrane, cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum, or ribosomes. They do contain genetic material, either DNA or RNA, which is essential for them to replicate.