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21. Where are the most antifungal targets found within the fungal cell? A) Cell wall B) Ribosome C)Nucleus D) Endoplasmic reticulum E) None 22. Large multicellular aggregates of long, branching filaments which are responsible for the fluffy appearance of mold colony are: A) Germ tube B) Conidia C)Hyphae D) Pseudohyphae E) None 23. Chose the wrong statement: A) Viruses are obligate cellular parasites. They replicate only inside living cells. B) Viruses replicate through replication of their nucleic acid and synthesis of the viral protein. C) Viruses undergo binary fission. D) Viruses are absolutely dependent on the host cell for their function. E) All viruses are haploid (single copy genome)except Retroviruses. 24. Minimum growth temperature is: A) The growth of organisms at body temperature B) The growth of organisms at highest temperature C) The lowest temperature at which the microorganisms grow D)The maximum temperature at which the growth is stable E) None of these 25. Metabolites are converted via one or more pathways to one common universal intermediate: A)Pyruvic acid B) Lactic acid C) Succinic acid D) Glycose E) Fatty acid 26. Mark if the below statement is true or false: -About a dozen of fungi are causing 90% of all fungal diseases. A)True B)False 27. Mark if the below statement is true or false: Fungi grow ONLY in yeast or mold morphology A)True B)Palse

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21. Where are the most antifungal targets found within the fungal cell? A) Cell wall B) Ribosome C)Nucleus D) Endoplasmic reticulum E) None 22. Large multicellular aggregates of long, branching filaments which are responsible for the fluffy appearance of mold colony are: A) Germ tube B) Conidia C)Hyphae D) Pseudohyphae E) None 23. Chose the wrong statement: A) Viruses are obligate cellular parasites. They replicate only inside living cells. B) Viruses replicate through replication of their nucleic acid and synthesis of the viral protein. C) Viruses undergo binary fission. D) Viruses are absolutely dependent on the host cell for their function. E) All viruses are haploid (single copy genome)except Retroviruses. 24. Minimum growth temperature is: A) The growth of organisms at body temperature B) The growth of organisms at highest temperature C) The lowest temperature at which the microorganisms grow D)The maximum temperature at which the growth is stable E) None of these 25. Metabolites are converted via one or more pathways to one common universal intermediate: A)Pyruvic acid B) Lactic acid C) Succinic acid D) Glycose E) Fatty acid 26. Mark if the below statement is true or false: -About a dozen of fungi are causing 90% of all fungal diseases. A)True B)False 27. Mark if the below statement is true or false: Fungi grow ONLY in yeast or mold morphology A)True B)Palse

21. Where are the most antifungal targets found within the fungal cell? A) Cell wall B) Ribosome C)Nucleus D) Endoplasmic reticulum E) None 22. Large multicellular aggregates of long, branching filaments which are responsible for the fluffy appearance of mold colony are: A) Germ tube B) Conidia C)Hyphae D) Pseudohyphae E) None 23. Chose the wrong statement: A) Viruses are obligate cellular parasites. They replicate only inside living cells. B) Viruses replicate through replication of their nucleic acid and synthesis of the viral protein. C) Viruses undergo binary fission. D) Viruses are absolutely dependent on the host cell for their function. E) All viruses are haploid (single copy genome)except Retroviruses. 24. Minimum growth temperature is: A) The growth of organisms at body temperature B) The growth of organisms at highest temperature C) The lowest temperature at which the microorganisms grow D)The maximum temperature at which the growth is stable E) None of these 25. Metabolites are converted via one or more pathways to one common universal intermediate: A)Pyruvic acid B) Lactic acid C) Succinic acid D) Glycose E) Fatty acid 26. Mark if the below statement is true or false: -About a dozen of fungi are causing 90% of all fungal diseases. A)True B)False 27. Mark if the below statement is true or false: Fungi grow ONLY in yeast or mold morphology A)True B)Palse

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21. **C) Nucleus** - The nucleus is a primary target for antifungal drugs because it is essential for fungal cell replication and survival.<br /><br />22. **C) Hyphae** - Hyphae are the long, branching filaments that make up the structure of molds and are responsible for their fluffy appearance.<br /><br />23. **C) Viruses undergo binary fission.** - This statement is incorrect. Viruses do not undergo binary fission; they replicate by hijacking the host cell's machinery to produce new viral particles.<br /><br />24. **C) The lowest temperature at which the microorganisms grow** - Minimum growth temperature is the lowest temperature at which a microorganism can grow.<br /><br />25. **A) Pyruvic acid** - Pyruvic acid is a common universal intermediate in metabolic pathways.<br /><br />26. **A) True** - It is true that about a dozen of fungi are responsible for approximately 90% of all fungal diseases.<br /><br />27. **B) False** - The statement is false. Fungi do not grow ONLY in yeast or mold morphology; they can exhibit various forms depending on the conditions.
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