Why is so little known about whether deterrence is effective? A because only those who are not deterred come to the attention of researchers B because those who are sentenced to prison are incapacitated C because the concept of deterrence partly overlaps with that of retribution D because sentencing guidelines are not always followed

because only those who are not deterred come to the attention of researchers<br /><br />This is a key reason why it is challenging to assess the effectiveness of deterrence. Researchers primarily have data on individuals who commit crimes and are caught, rather than those who are successfully deterred from committing crimes in the first place. This creates a selection bias, making it difficult to measure the true impact of deterrence strategies.