1. Compulsory a. Define the following terms: i.History of Education (2 marKs) ii. Internal criticism of Historical data (2 marks) iii. Riverine civilization (2 marks) b. Identify any FIVE reasons why History of Education is relevant to the teacher. (5marks) c. List any FIVE institutions that facilitated higher Education in Ancient India (5 Marks) d. Describe the process of Education in ancient Sparta (8 marks) e. Briefly explain any THREE CBC competencies (6 Marks) 2. a. Outline the aims and structure of medieval Monastic education (5 marks) b. Explain any FIVE contributions of medieval Islam to Education in Europe (10marks) 3. a. Elaborate the structure of Southern Humanism during the renaissance era (5marks) b. Discuss the contributions of Desiderius Erasmus to the development of Education during Renaissance period in Europe. (10 marks) 4. Discuss any FIVE methods of instruction used in indigenous African Education (15marks) 5. a. Identify 5 recommendations made by Douglas Odhiambo Task force (2012) (5marks) b. Discuss the structure of Kenya's Competency based curriculum(10marks)

1.ory<br />a. <br />i. History of Education: The study of the development and evolution of education over time, including the various forms, methods, and institutions that have shaped educational practices.<br />ii. Internal criticism of Historical data: The process of evaluating the authenticity, reliability, and credibility of historical sources and evidence to determine their accuracy and validity.<br />iii. Riverine civilization: A term used to describe civilizations that developed along river valleys, such as the Nile, Indus, and Yellow River civilizations.<br /><br />b. <br />1. Understanding the historical context of education helps teachers appreciate the evolution of educational practices and adapt them to contemporary needs.<br />2. Knowledge of the history of education allows teachers to identify and address educational inequalities and disparities.<br />3. Awareness of the historical development of educational theories and methodologies enables teachers to make informed decisions in their teaching practices.<br />4. Understanding the historical significance of education helps teachers instill a sense of cultural heritage.<br />5. Knowledge of the history of education allows teachers to draw lessons from past successes and failures to improve current educational practices.<br /><br />c. <br />1. Nalanda University<br />2. Takshila<br />3. Ujjain<br />4. Vikramshila<br />5. Somnath<br /><br />d. Education in ancient Sparta was primarily focused on military training and discipline. Boys were enrolled in the agoge, a state-sponsored education system that emphasized physical fitness, combat skills, and obedience. Education was highly regimented, with an emphasis on loyalty to the state and the Spartan way of life. Girls received education in domestic skills and physical activities.<br /><br />e. <br />1. Critical thinking: The ability to analyze and evaluate information objectively and make informed decisions.<br />2. Communication skills: The ability to effectively convey ideas and engage in meaningful dialogue.<br />3. Problem-solving: The ability to identify and address challenges, think creatively, and find solutions.<br /><br />2. of medieval Monastic education were to provide spiritual guidance, promote religious devotion, and preserve knowledge. The structure of medieval Monastic education typically included a combination of religious instruction, manual labor, and intellectual pursuits.<br /><br />b. <br />1. Preservation and translation of classical texts<br />2. Establishment of universities and libraries<br />3. Development of algebra and mathematics<br />4. Advancements in medicine and anatomy<br />5. Introduction of Arabic numerals and the decimal system<br /><br />3. a. Southern Humanism during the Renaissance era emphasized the study of classical texts, the development of eloquence and rhetoric, and the promotion of moral and ethical values.<br /><br />b. Desiderius Erasmus was a prominent Renaissance humanist who contributed to the development of education through his emphasis on the study of classical languages, the promotion of moral and ethical education, and the advocacy for religious tolerance and reform.<br /><br />4. <br />1. Oral tradition<br />2.3. Apprenticeship<br />4. Communal work<br />5. Rituals and ceremonies<br /><br />5. a. <br />1. Establishment of a national curriculum<br />2. Promotion of teacher training and professional development<br />3. Increase in educational funding<br />4. Emphasis on science and technology education<br />5. Encouragement of community participation in education<br /><br />b. Kenya's Competency based curriculum is structured around competencies, which are defined as the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that learners are expected to demonstrate. The curriculum is organized into thematic units, with each unit focusing on a specific competency. Assessment is based on the demonstration of competencies through practical tasks and projects.