STREAM: Y4 S1 DAY: THURSDAY, 300 P .M - 5:00 P . M INSTRUCTIONS 1. Do not write anything on this question paper. 2. Answer Question ONE (Compulsory) and any other TWO Questions. QUESTION ONE i. Briefly describe the sheep production systems in Kenya (9 marks) ii. Discuss three ways in which you can induce heat in ewes (6 marks) iii. Explain the management of lambs from birth to weaning (15 marks) QUESTION TWO i.Highlight seven advantages of sheep farming in Kenya (14 marks) ii. List six signs of heat in a ewes (6 marks) QUESTION THREE i. Name and discuss five management practices in sheep farming (15 marks) ii. Name five value added products from sheep (5 marks) QUESTION FOUR Name five diseases which affect sheep and for each disease named indicate; clinical signs, treatment and control. (20 marks) QUESTION FIVE Choose any four sheep breeds and discuss them under the following sub- topics; origin, distinctive characteristics and purpose. (20 marks) TIME: 2 HOURS DATE: 22/12/2022

QUESTION ONE<br />i. The sheep production systems in Kenya are primarily based on small-scale farming, with most farmers owning less than 10 ewes. The systems can be categorized into extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive systems. Extensive systems are common among smallholder farmers, where sheep are allowed to graze freely on available pasture. Semi-intensive systems involve supplementary feeding in addition to grazing, while intensive systems are characterized by controlled feeding and housing.<br /><br />ii. Three ways to induce heat in ewes include:<br />1. Use of hormonal implants: Implants containing hormones such as progesterone can be inserted into the ewe's ear to induce heat.<br />2. Use of prostaglandins: Prostaglandins are hormones that can be administered to ewes to induce heat.<br />3. Use of light: Exposure to artificial light for 12 hours a day can induce heat in ewes.<br /><br />iii. Management of lambs from birth to weaning involves several steps:<br />1. Ensuring proper nutrition: Lambs should be fed with colostrum from the mother immediately after birth, followed by milk or milk replacer.<br />2. Vaccination: Lambs should be vaccinated against common diseases such as enteric diseases and viral diseases.<br />3. Deworming: Lambs should be dewormed regularly to prevent internal parasites.<br />4. Housing: Lambs should be housed in a clean and dry environment to prevent diseases.<br />5. Weaning: Lambs should be weaned off milk and introduced to solid feed gradually.<br /><br />QUESTION TWO<br />i. Seven advantages of sheep farming in Kenya include:<br />1. Source of income: Sheep farming provides a source of income for farmers.<br />2. Meat production: Sheep provide meat, which is a source of protein for humans.<br />3. Wool production: Sheep provide wool, which can be used for clothing and other products.<br />4. Manure production: Sheep manure can be used as fertilizer for crops.<br />5. Pest control: Sheep can help control pests in crops.<br />6. Transportation: Sheep can be used for transportation in some areas.<br />7. Cultural significance: Sheep have cultural significance in some communities.<br /><br />ii. Six signs of heat in ewes include:<br />1. Restlessness<br />2. Increased activity<br />3. Swelling of the vulva<br />4. Discharge from the vulva<br />5. Mounting other animals<br />6. Biting or nuzzling other animals<br /><br />QUESTION THREE<br />i. Five management practices in sheep farming include:<br />1. Breeding: Selective breeding is important to maintain the quality of the flock.<br />2. Nutrition: Providing adequate nutrition is essential for the growth and productivity of the flock.<br />3. Health care: Regular health care, including vaccination and deworming, is important to maintain the health of the flock.<br />4. Housing: Providing proper housing is important to protect the flock from adverse weather conditions and predators.<br />5. Marketing: Proper marketing strategies should be employed to sell the products of the flock.<br /><br />ii. Five value-added products from sheep include:<br />1. Wool<br />2. Leather<br />3. Meat<br />4. Dairy products<br />5. Manure<br /><br />QUESTION FOUR<br />Five diseases which affect sheep and their respective clinical signs, treatment, and control include:<br />1. Foot and mouth disease: Clinical signs include fever, lameness, and blister-like sores on the tongue and lips. Treatment involves supportive care and control measures include vaccination and quarantine.<br />2. Peste des petits ruminants: Clinical signs include fever, stiff gait, and swelling of the lymph nodes. Treatment involves supportive care and control measures include vaccination and quarantine.<br />3. Scabies: Clinical signs include itching, restlessness, and hair loss. Treatment involves topical treatment and control measures include quarantine and treatment of the environment.<br />4. Internal parasites: Clinical signs include diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. Treatment involves deworming and control measures include regular deworming and hygiene.<br />5. Viral diseases: Clinical signs include fever, lethargy, and reduced appetite. Treatment involves supportive care and control measures include vaccination and biosecurity.<br /><br />QUESTION FIVE<br />Four sheep breeds and their respective origin, distinctive characteristics, and purpose include:<br />1. Dorper: Originated in South Africa, Dorper sheep are known for their fast growth rate and adaptability to different environments. They are primarily raised for meat production.<br />2. Merino: Originated in Spain, Merino sheep are known for their fine wool and adaptability to different climates. They are primarily raised for wool production.<br />3. Damara: Originated in Namibia, Damara sheep are known for their hardiness and adaptability to arid environments. They are primarily raised for meat and milk production.<br />4. Red Maasai: Originated in East Africa, Red Maasai sheep are known for their hardiness and adaptability to different environments. They are primarily raised for meat and milk production.