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We know that standard pressure is one atmosphere, or 760 millimeters of mercury. This pressure results from the weight of gas molecules in the atmosphere. A diver entering the water is subject to both water pressure and air pressure. Because water is much denser than air, the pressure increases rapidly as the diver descends: At the depth of 34 feet in fresh water the diver is experiencing 2 atmospheres of pressure (one from air pressure and one from the 34 feet of water). For every additional 34 feet the diver descends, he will be under an additional atmosphere of pressure. Since water pressure is proportional to depth, how many atmospheres of pressure would a diver experience at 102 feet? Why wouldn't this pressure squash the diver? Answering this second question may be easier if you think of the reason a person on land is not squashed by one atmosphere of pressure Explain your answer in detail.
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Elit · 8 yıl öğretmeniUzman doğrulaması
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To determine the number of atmospheres of pressure a diver experiences at 102 feet, we need to consider both the air pressure and the water pressure.<br /><br />1. **Air Pressure:** At sea level, the diver is already under 1 atmosphere of air pressure.<br /><br />2. **Water Pressure:** As stated, for every 34 feet of descent in fresh water, the diver experiences an additional atmosphere of pressure. Therefore, at 102 feet:<br /><br /> \[<br /> \text{Depth} = 102 \text{ feet}<br /> \]<br /><br /> \[<br /> \text{Additional Atmospheres from Water} = \frac{102 \text{ feet}}{34 \text{ feet/atmosphere}} = 3 \text{ atmospheres}<br /> \]<br /><br />3. **Total Pressure:** The total pressure experienced by the diver is the sum of the air pressure and the water pressure:<br /><br /> \[<br /> \text{Total Pressure} = 1 \text{ atmosphere (air)} + 3 \text{ atmospheres (water)} = 4 \text{ atmospheres}<br /> \]<br /><br />Therefore, at 102 feet, the diver experiences 4 atmospheres of pressure.<br /><br />### Why Doesn't This Pressure Squash the Diver?<br /><br />The reason the diver isn't squashed by this pressure is similar to why people on land aren't crushed by atmospheric pressure. Here are the key points:<br /><br />1. **Balanced Internal and External Pressure:** The human body is composed mostly of liquids and solids, which are incompressible. The internal pressure within the body (from bodily fluids and gases) balances the external pressure exerted by the surrounding environment. This balance prevents the body from being compressed.<br /><br />2. **Adaptation to Pressure:** Human bodies are adapted to withstand changes in pressure. When diving, the body's internal pressure adjusts to match the external pressure, maintaining equilibrium.<br /><br />3. **Pressure Distribution:** Pressure acts uniformly over the surface of the body. Since it is distributed evenly, there is no net force that would cause compression or "squashing."<br /><br />4. **Protective Equipment:** Divers often use specialized equipment, such as wetsuits and diving suits, which help manage temperature and provide some protection against pressure changes.<br /><br />In summary, the diver's body naturally balances the internal and external pressures, preventing any harmful effects from the increased pressure underwater.
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