e) Cruciferae Question Three State five guiding principles of International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) Question Four Differentiate between parallel and yoked identification keys Question Five Citing examples,differentiate between the three sub-families of Fabaceae Question Six State the differences between phenetics and cladistics (1 Mark) (5 Marks) Marks) (5 Marks) (5 marks) Question Seven Briefly explain what you understand by the following plant names with respect to specific epithets a) Cassia occidentalis (1 Mark) b)Manihot esculenta (1 Mark) c)Vachellia abyssinica (1 Mark) d)Andropogon greenwayi (1 Mark) e)Plumeria alba (1 Mark) Question Eight Describe the role of Chemotaxonomy in species delineation Question Nine Write down the floral formula from the description of a flower given below "Transforming Lives through Quality Education" (5 Marks) (5 Marks) Page 2 of 3

Question Three: Five guiding principles of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) are:<br /><br />1. **Priority**: The earliest validly published name is given precedence.<br />2. **Typification**: Each taxon must have a type specimen that serves as a reference point.<br />3. **Stability**: Names should be stable and changes minimized unless necessary for clarity.<br />4. **Universality**: Names should be universally accepted and used by the scientific community.<br />5. **Legitimacy**: Only names that conform to the rules of the ICN are considered legitimate.<br /><br />Question Four: Parallel and yoked identification keys differ in their structure and use:<br /><br />- **Parallel Keys**: These keys present multiple choices simultaneously, allowing users to compare characteristics across different taxa at once. They are often more flexible but can be complex to navigate.<br /> <br />- **Yoked Keys**: Also known as dichotomous keys, these provide two contrasting options at each step, leading the user through a series of binary decisions until the correct identification is reached. They are straightforward and easy to follow.<br /><br />Question Five: The three sub-families of Fabaceae are differentiated as follows:<br /><br />1. **Faboideae (Papilionoideae)**: Characterized by flowers with a distinct "butterfly" shape, such as those of peas and beans. Example: Pisum sativum (pea).<br /><br />2. **Caesalpinioideae**: Typically have zygomorphic flowers with five petals, where the upper petal is innermost. Example: Cassia fistula (golden shower tree).<br /><br />3. **Mimosoideae**: Known for their small, radial flowers arranged in dense clusters or heads, often with numerous stamens. Example: Acacia dealbata (silver wattle).<br /><br />Question Six: Differences between phenetics and cladistics:<br /><br />- **Phenetics**: Focuses on the overall similarity between organisms, often using numerical methods to cluster species based on shared traits without considering evolutionary relationships.<br /><br />- **Cladistics**: Emphasizes the evolutionary relationships between organisms, constructing phylogenetic trees based on shared derived characteristics (synapomorphies).<br /><br />Question Seven: Explanation of specific epithets:<br /><br />a) **Cassia occidentalis**: "Occidentalis" refers to the western origin or distribution of the species.<br /><br />b) **Manihot esculenta**: "Esculenta" indicates that the plant is edible or suitable for consumption.<br /><br />c) **Vachellia abyssinica**: "Abyssinica" suggests that the species is native to or associated with Abyssinia (Ethiopia).<br /><br />d) **Andropogon greenwayi**: "Greenwayi" likely honors a person named Greenway, possibly a botanist or collector.<br /><br />e) **Plumeria alba**: "Alba" means white, referring to the color of the flowers.<br /><br />Question Eight: Chemotaxonomy involves using chemical compounds found in plants to help delineate species. It plays a role in species identification and classification by analyzing secondary metabolites like alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, which can be unique to certain taxa and provide insights into evolutionary relationships.<br /><br />Question Nine: Without a specific description of a flower, it is not possible to write down a floral formula. A floral formula typically includes symbols representing the number and arrangement of floral parts such as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.