12. In addition to the antisocial criminogenic risk factors identified in the text, all of the following were identified as criminogenic risk factors except. A Family and/or marital discord B Substance abuse C Few leisure or recreation activities D Possession of a gun E Poor school or work performance

The correct answer is D: Possession of a gun.<br /><br />While possession of a gun can be associated with criminal behavior, it is not typically classified as a criminogenic risk factor in the same way that family discord, substance abuse, lack of leisure activities, and poor school or work performance are. Criminogenic risk factors generally refer to characteristics, traits, or conditions that increase the likelihood of an individual engaging in criminal behavior, often focusing on social and personal aspects rather than specific possessions.