Question 8 Determine which of the standard argument forms matches the following argument, and indicate whether or not this is a valid argument. "If it is cold , my windows frost over.My windows are not frosted over, so it is not cold." is an example of square (E) , and this argument is therefore Select an answer Question 9 Bo/1pt 53 19 (i) Details Determine which of the standard argument forms matches the following argument, and indicate whether or not this is a valid argument. "You must eat well or you will not be healthy. I eat well, therefore I am healthy.. This is an example of square (B) , and this argument is therefore square

To determine the standard argument forms and their validity, let's analyze each argument separately.<br /><br />**Question 8:**<br /><br />Argument: "If it is cold, my windows frost over. My windows are not frosted over, so it is not cold."<br /><br />This argument follows the form of **Modus Tollens**, which is a valid argument form. Modus Tollens can be represented as:<br /><br />1. If \( P \), then \( Q \).<br />2. Not \( Q \).<br />3. Therefore, not \( P \).<br /><br />In this case:<br />- \( P \) = "It is cold."<br />- \( Q \) = "My windows frost over."<br /><br />The argument structure is:<br />1. If it is cold (\( P \)), then my windows frost over (\( Q \)).<br />2. My windows are not frosted over (Not \( Q \)).<br />3. Therefore, it is not cold (Not \( P \)).<br /><br />Thus, this argument is an example of **Modus Tollens**, and it is a valid argument.<br /><br />**Question 9:**<br /><br />Argument: "You must eat well or you will not be healthy. I eat well, therefore I am healthy."<br /><br />This argument does not fit a standard valid argument form like Modus Ponens or Modus Tollens. Instead, it seems to attempt to use a form similar to **Affirming the Consequent**, which is not a valid argument form. Affirming the Consequent can be represented as:<br /><br />1. If \( P \), then \( Q \).<br />2. \( Q \).<br />3. Therefore, \( P \).<br /><br />However, the given argument is structured as:<br />1. You must eat well or you will not be healthy.<br />2. I eat well.<br />3. Therefore, I am healthy.<br /><br />This does not follow a valid logical form because eating well is a necessary condition for being healthy, but not necessarily a sufficient one. Other factors could affect health.<br /><br />Therefore, this argument is not a valid argument based on standard logical forms.<br /><br />In summary:<br />- Question 8: This is an example of **Modus Tollens**, and this argument is therefore **valid**.<br />- Question 9: This argument does not match a valid standard argument form and is therefore **invalid**.