12. Which of the following statements about organr A) They reflect a company's purpose. B) They indicate what a company intends to contribute to society. C) They are formulatec I after strategies are known. D) They define a reason for existence. E) They provide guidance for functional area missions. 13. A strategy is a(n): A) set of opportunities in the marketplace. B) broad statement of purpose. C) simulation used to test various product line options. D) plan for cost reduction. E) action plan to achieve the mission. 14. The ability of an organization to produce goods or services that have some uniqueness in their characteristics is: A) mass production. B) time-based competition. C) competing on productivity. D) competing on quality. E) competing on differentiation. 15. Porter's Five Forces Model contains which of the following? A) immediate rivals B) potential entrants C) customers D)suppliers E) all of the these 16. Standardization is an appropriate strategy in which stage of the product life cycle? A) introduction B) growth C) maturity D) decline E) retirement 17. Cost minimization is an appropriate strategy in which stage of the product life cycle? A) introduction B) growth C) adolescence D)decline E) retirement 18. The measure of total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an organization, a product, an event, or a person is known as: A) radioactive decay B) nitrogen footprint C) ozone factor D) pollution index E) carbon footprint. 19. What is the practice of transferring a firm's activities that have traditionally been internal to external suppliers? A) nearshoring B) farshoring C) offshoring D)outsourcing E)backsourcing 20. Which of the international operations strategies involves low cost reductions and low local responsiveness? A) international strategy B) global strategy C) transnational strategy D) multidomestic strategy E) worldwide strategy Section 2: Essay Type Question (10 points) An operations manager has carefully examined the 1500 parts produced in his factory an classified them into 30 families with geometric similarities using codes that contain desi attributes. a) Which type of manufacturing is mentioned above? (5 points) b) What are the benefits of this technique? (5 points)

12. **Correct Answer: E) They provide guidance for functional area missions.**<br /> - Organizational goals provide direction and guidance for the missions of various functional areas within the organization.<br /><br />13. **Correct Answer: E) action plan to achieve the mission.**<br /> - A strategy is a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a specific mission or goal.<br /><br />14. **Correct Answer: E) competing on differentiation.**<br /> - Competing on differentiation refers to an organization's ability to produce goods or services that have unique characteristics, setting them apart from competitors.<br /><br />15. **Correct Answer: E) all of these**<br /> - Porter's Five Forces Model includes immediate rivals, potential entrants, customers, and suppliers as key forces influencing competition in a market.<br /><br />16. **Correct Answer: C) maturity**<br /> - Standardization is often an appropriate strategy during the maturity stage of the product life cycle when competition becomes intense, and companies seek cost reductions.<br /><br />17. **Correct Answer: D) decline**<br /> - Cost minimization becomes crucial during the decline stage of the product life cycle when companies aim to reduce costs to maintain profitability.<br /><br />18. **Correct Answer: E) carbon footprint**<br /> - The measure of total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an organization, a product, an event, or a person is known as a carbon footprint.<br /><br />19. **Correct Answer: D) outsourcing**<br /> - Outsourcing involves transferring activities that have traditionally been internal to external suppliers to reduce costs or focus on core competencies.<br /><br />20. **Correct Answer: B) global strategy**<br /> - A global strategy involves a focus on cost reductions and low local responsiveness, aiming to achieve efficiency on a global scale.<br /><br />Section 2: Essay Type Question<br /><br />a) **Type of Manufacturing:**<br /> - The type of manufacturing mentioned above is **Group Technology (GT) manufacturing**. In this approach, parts are classified into families based on geometric similarities, which allows for efficient production and assembly processes.<br /><br />b) **Benefits of Group Technology:**<br /> - **Improved Efficiency:** By grouping similar parts together, manufacturing processes can be streamlined, leading to increased efficiency and reduced production time.<br /> - **Reduced Work-in-Progress (WIP):** Grouping parts reduces the need for excessive work-in-progress inventory, leading to lower storage costs and reduced waste.<br /> - **Enhanced Flexibility:** Group technology allows for easier adaptation to changes in product design and demand, as similar parts can be easily reconfigured.<br /> - **Better Utilization of Resources:** By focusing on a smaller set of parts, resources such as machinery, tools, and skilled labor can be better utilized, leading to higher productivity.<br /> - **Improved Quality Control:** Grouping similar parts makes it easier to implement quality control measures, ensuring consistency and reducing defects.<br /> - **Reduced Lead Times:** With fewer variations and streamlined processes, lead times can be reduced, enabling faster delivery and improved customer satisfaction.